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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=90TT3024>
<title>
Nov. 12, 1990: Death In The Mediterranean
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 12, 1990 Ready For War
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 111
Death in the Mediterranean
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Pollution aggravates a plague among Europe's dolphins
</p>
<p> The first hint that something was wrong came in August, when
dead dolphins--victims of pneumonia and liver damage--began
washing up on Mediterranean beaches near Valencia, Spain. But
until the past few weeks, no one had realized the extent of the
disaster. When scientists from European countries began
comparing notes, it suddenly became clear that some sort of
epidemic was raging through the striped dolphin population of
the western Mediterranean Sea. In France, where dead dolphins
usually wash ashore at a rate of about 50 a year, 50 were
discovered in a two-week period, and the toll in Spain is up to
250 in less than three months. Since it is possible that only
a small percentage of dead animals have drifted in to land, the
actual toll may be much higher.
</p>
<p> It did not take long to track down the source of the
infection. Laboratory tests revealed that it is a strain of
morbilli, the same type of virus--similar to the cause of
canine distemper and human measles--that killed some 20,000
North Sea seals in 1988. While viral epidemics are part of the
natural ecology of the sea, some scientists think this outbreak
was aggravated by man-made pollution. Autopsies on the mammals
show their tissues are contaminated with metals and the toxic
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCPs). The chemicals may have
weakened the dolphins' immune systems, making the animals more
vulnerable to disease.
</p>
<p> This would not be the first time such a link between
pollution and plague has shown up. In a 1988 report to the U.S.
Marine Mammal Commission, investigators suggested that a rash
of dolphin deaths on America's East Coast might have resulted
from bacterial infections that overwhelmed the animals'
pollution-damaged immune systems. Environmentalists believe the
Mediterranean case is potentially more serious, since it is
happening during fall, one of the dolphins' prime breeding
seasons. The disease could also spread to other mammals,
including monk seals, pilot whales and sperm whales.
</p>
<p> Unfortunately, the Mediterranean is so filthy that even a
major cleanup effort would make little difference for years. The
animals may not have that much time. There is no known cure for
the virus, and scientists and environmentalists alike fear that
dolphins could become no more than a memory in the
Mediterranean.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>